Glasgow Coma Scale

Eye-opening response
Spontaneously - 4 points

To speech - 3 points
To pain - 2 points
No response - 1 point


Verbal response

Oriented - 5 points
Confused - 4 points
Inappropriate words - 3 points
Incomprehensible sounds - 2 points
No response - 1 point

Motor Response
Obeys request- 6 points
Localizes pain - 5 points
Withdraws from painful stimuli - 4 points
Abnormal flexion- decorticate posture - 3 points
Abnormal extension- decerebrate posture - 2 points
No response - 1 point

Total score ranges from 3-15.

A total of 7 or less indicates severe neurological damage.

ABG Analysis

ABG Values:

pH = 7.35-7.24
HCO3 = 22-26 meq/L
PCO2 = 35-45 mmHg

Remember:

R - Respiratory
A- Alternate direction of arrows
M- Metabolic
S- Same direction of arrows

Examples:
1. pH= 7.5  (increased)
    HCO3 = 29 (increased)
    PCO2 = 50 (increased)

Result: Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

2.pH= 7.39 (normal)
   HCO3 = 29 (increased)
   PCO2 = 52 (increased)

Result: Fully compensated respiratory acidosis

3. pH = 7.31 (decreased)
   HCO3 = 29 (increased)
   PCO2 = 36 (normal)


Result: Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Do not copy.